BROWSE JOURNEYS BY MAP VIEW

Saturday, 26 April 2025

Shildon - Brusselton Incline and Black Boy Branch

Starting Point - Shildon Station, 6 mile round trip.


Above - Display panel at Darlington station showing Locomotion, the Brusselton Incline and Skerne Bridge on the Stockton and Darlington Railway.

Continuing from my visit to the historic buildings around the Locomotion museum in Shildon. I did another walk in the town to visit a couple of the early railway routes of the Stockton and Darlington Railway that used rope worked inclines to cross hills to the west of the town. These were later abandoned when a tunnel was built to allow steam locomotives to work through to Bishop Auckland and beyond. The tunnel is still in use by trains on the Bishop Auckland branch.


Below - Next to Shildon station are the coal drops. I previously mentioned these on the tour of buildings around Shildon, I passed them again as this was where the route to the Brusselton Incline diverged from the later Bishop Auckland line and the Black Boy branch which I'll come to later.


Below - Looking back towards the coal drops a garden has been established around the trackbed.


Below - Alongside the path are some retaining walls, here there is an abutment of a footbridge over the railway which has been replaced by a modern bridge nearby.


Below - The roundabout next to the Hackworth Industrial Park established on the former Shildon Wagon Works site. The wagon wheels have the names of the railway companies that operated the works from the Stockton and Darlington to British Rail.


Below - Office building at the wagon works site.



Below - The former Mason Arms Inn, effectively one of the first ever railway stations as passengers would board trains here before the line was diverted to the tunnel and the current station was built.


Below - Information board opposite the former Mason Arms (click to enlarge).


Below - A signal and track panel opposite the Mason Arms.


Below - The track panel demonstrates the various arrangements of rails and sleepers that were tried on the route. The early iron rails breaking was a big problem on early railways.


Below - Buildings of the former wagon works now part of the Hackworth Industrial Park. The origins of the works went back to the S&D's engineering facilities and closed under British Rail Engineering in 1984.









West of Shildon is a range of hills to cross before reaching flat land beyond and more coal mines the railway served. At Brussleton an incline was worked by an engine at the summit built by Robert Stephenson until that engine proved too small for the growing volumes of traffic on the route.


Below - looking up the incline the remains of a bridge over the railway can be seen.



Below - Looking down the railway at the same bridge.


Below - The summit of the incline with the remaining engine house buildings on the left.


Left - The engine house building, the track would have run along what is now the roadway with the building extending over the track to house the winding drum.


Below - Site of the winding engine.


Below - Information board on the engine house (click to enlarge).



Below - Workers houses. A small community established here and after the route closed the incline up from Shildon was retained to supply the community with coal.


Below - The engine house and workers cottages.


Below - Another information board at the incline sumit.



Below - Heading west down the other side of the incline a row of stone sleepers can be seen.



Below - What looks to be a milepost at the side of a section of embankment.


Below - Brusselton lane has been widened and cut through the embankment on a new alignment alongside the original bridge in order to accommodate modern road vehicles. Steps descend the embankment to road level.


Below - A plaque next to the embankment showing it as a scheduled ancient monument.


Below - The original bridge over Brusselton Lane.



Below - West of the bridge over Brusselton Lane another small stretch of stone sleepers before the former railway disappears into the farmland.


Below - The footpath continues along the course of the railway through fields to Haggs Lane. This is the view west of Haggs Lane where all trace of the railway has disappeared into the fields. Further west there are some stretches of the trackbed that are now farm tracks, though I returned to Shildon station by the same route.



Below - Information boards at Shildon station (click to enlarge).



Below - Information about the walk along the Back Boy Branch.


The Black Boy branch follows a similar route to the later tunnel route below the town. Much of the former branch serves as a footpath between the station and the main street (Church Street). The path starts with a detour alongside the existing line around the sport ground, itself a facility established for railway workers. 


Below - An aqueduct over the existing line into the tunnel beneath Shildon, seen from the footpath from the station that leads to the former Black Boy branch.


Below - Joining the former Black Boy branch and a straight tarmac path can be seen on what was once another incline.


Below - At the summit of the incline a plinthed replica wagon serves as a monument to the former railway.


Below - An information board at Rose Cottages which were built for railway workers at the incline top similarly to those seen at Brusselton. Rose Cottages were surrounded by a high hedge.


Below - There were a couple of inclines down to the collieries at Eldon. This path heads towards Eldon Lane on the course of the incline for a short way. Some building ruins in one of the farms were likely colliery related but Keep Out signs on the fence were quite clear. Just east of here another incline ran on what is now the course of the Eldon Bank road.


From here I returned to Shildon station for my train home.

 

Saturday, 12 April 2025

Croydon Airport

A tour of the former Croydon Airport

Between the wars as civilian air travel was just getting established, the UK's main airport was situated at Croydon. The site began its aviation use in the First World War as farmland was commandeered to establish an air base for intercepting Germany's Zeppelin attacks. It wasn't particularly suited to this as the Zeppelins were generally approaching London by following the Thames and they flew much higher than the planes of the time. 

After the First World War many planes built for the war effort were repurposed for civilian use and facilities were needed for these early passenger services combining the infrastructure of an Aerodrome with the customs facilities of a port for passengers and goods to travel internationally, coining the term Airport. The airport also had the worlds first air traffic control tower, basically a shed on stilts in the first version of the airport. The principals of air traffic control were established here, including the invention of the 'Mayday' protocol. Whereas ships had used SOS Morse signals the aircraft used crackly radio communication and a spoken phrase that couldn't be misinterpreted was required.

Following a plane crash at the airport in 1924 the airport was completely rebuilt with a grand terminal building in Functional Neo-Classical style, a variant of Neo-Classical style with simple geometric shapes often mistaken for the Art Deco style it was a forerunner of. The new facilities opened in 1928. The airport also had a hotel alongside, the first dedicated airport hotel. It owed a lot to railway station design in this respect and the booking hall with an information board at the centre and ticket desks and news kiosks.

Passengers would arrive at the airport by a connecting bus from Victoria and with much fewer air travellers at the time would be through the customs controls and departing on a plane within 20 minutes.

Below - A map of Imperial Airways routes by the map maker Harry Beck, famous for the tube map. London (the airport at Croydon) can be seen at the top left. This is displayed in one of the stairways to the control tower. The routes had several stops due to the limited range of aircraft at the time.

With the onset of the Second World War passenger aviation gave way to air force use again. Afterwards it was impossible to expand it to meet growing demand and larger planes and a new airport for London was established on a farm called Heath Row. Croydon survived for a few years but with dwindling flights. In 1959 it closed completely, it's last small planes transferring further south to the new Gatwick Airport (though this was itself an expansion of an earlier aerodrome) as London's new Number 2 airport. 

Though much of the site is now industrial estate, the terminal building and hotel survive. The terminal building is now the home of several offices as Airport House but a museum has been established in the control tower, this is open by pre-booked guided tour only on open days held on the first Sunday of the month. Other pop up displays in the main hall of the terminal building are set up, there are also pictures along the corridors and stairways within the building that can be seen on the guided tour.

Google Map

1940 Map The airport is on the right hand side of the page but interestingly nothing is labelled as such, likely a wartime security measure. Another map produced a couple of years later just shows the site as fields. The runways aren't shown but these were effectively just lines in the grass marked by lighting. 

Much more information and booking details for forthcoming tours can be found on the Historic Croydon Airport website.

Below - The main entrance to the terminal building. The hotel alongside can be seen on the right.


Below - A passageway on the south side of the terminal building. This would have separated the passenger departure area on the right and the goods departure area on the left.


Below - The rear of the terminal building with the control tower prominent on the building. Departing passengers would have passed from the terminal to the planes where the door can be seen on the right (though there have been a few alterations over the years). Arriving passengers would have entered further along the building. The missing decoration on the columns to the right is due to damage in the Second World War.


Below - The control tower.


Below - The rear of the building, this time looking at the arrivals area.


Below - The Airport Hotel, still a hotel today.


Below - Rear of the hotel. In the pioneering days of aviation people could view arriving flights from the roof of the building, a popular activity particularly for historic flights by Amy Johnson and many other famous pilots.


Below - Inside the entrance to the airport with the pop up displays for the open day. The winged globe decoration can still be seen.


Below - A model of the airport in its heyday. 


Below - The aircraft hangers that no longer survive, the land around the terminal building now being an industrial estate.


Below - A mural of the history of aviation. The wooden part at the lower part of the wall would have been counters for either the airlines or the newsagents. The upper parts of the walls have been later panelling to partition rooms off at the sides. The tables are for Anita's Kitchen cafe which usually opens Monday to Friday but also opens for the open days at the visitor centre.


Below - An original information board about the Great War origins of the airport from the opening of the rebuilt airport in 1928.


Below - Inside the control tower.



Below - One of the runway lights. In the background the panel with the holes would have had light bulbs indicating which lights around the grass airfield would have been lit.